braynzarsoft-D3D11
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04.开始绘制5
06.顶点索引

05.颜色

2024-06-11 14 0

本课程直接建立在上一课程的基础上。
在这里，我们将在我们的顶点结构中包括四个额外的浮点，它将定义顶点的颜色RGBA。然后，我们将向输入布局添加另一个元素，它将告诉管道中的IA我们的顶点结构具有颜色值。之后，我们修改效果文件以包括顶点颜色。在顶点级别指定颜色时，光栅化阶段（RS）将在每个像素的三角形上插值颜色。我们仍然不会在像素着色器中进行任何计算，因为RS将为我们进行计算。

本节的DEMO下载地址：

效果文件

让我们先来看Effect文件，在其中创建顶点和像素着色器。
首先，我们创建一个新的结构。这个结构将是VS的返回类型，也是PS的输入类型。我们这样做是为了可以返回多个类型，因为现在我们有了顶点的位置和颜色，我们需要能够返回的不仅仅是位置。我们在VS中所做的就是将为顶点接收的值向下传递到管道中的下一阶段。颜色值最终将在到达PS之前到达RS，在PS中，顶点颜色将在三角形表面上进行插值，并且在完成颜色插值计算后，每个像素都将被发送到PS，在那里我们所做的就是将像素的颜色值传递到OM，以放在渲染目标（Backbuffer）上。

  2. //参数列表由输入布局决定
  3. VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
  4. {
  5.     VS_OUTPUT output;
  7.     output.Pos = inPos;
  8.     output.Color = inColor;
  10.     return output;
  11. }
  13. float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
  14. {
  15.     return input.Color;
  16. }

顶点结构

顶点结构体定义如下：

  1. struct Vertex    //Overloaded Vertex Structure
  2. {
  3.     Vertex(){}
  4.     Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
  5.         float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
  6.         : pos(x,y,z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca){}
  8.     XMFLOAT3 pos;
  9.     XMFLOAT4 color;
  10. };

输入布局

现在，我们向输入布局数组添加了一个新元素。这个元素表示前12个字节之后的下一个16个字节将被发送到VS中的第一个COLOR变量。你可能认为这听起来更像是在谈论字节，但这就是输入布局的工作方式。
第一个元素是我们的位置，其格式为DXGI_format_R32B32_FLOAT枚举类型，这为R、G和B分别保留了32位或4个字节。这相当于12个字节。因此，位置元素的偏移量将为0，因为它是数组中的第一个元素。
颜色是第二个，位于位置元素后12个字节。由于颜色使用DXGI_FORMAT_R32B32A32_FLOAT枚举类型作为格式，即16个字节，因此如果我们要将另一个元素添加到输入布局中，则下一个元素必须为第5个参数放置28，因为它位于距离数组开头28个字节的位置。

  1. D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
  2. {
  3.     { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
  4.     { "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
  5. };

初始化场景

现在剩下要做的就是在创建缓冲区之前将颜色值添加到顶点数组中。我们把第一个变成了红色，第二个变成了绿色，第三个变成了蓝色！这些颜色将在三角形上插值。

  1. bool InitScene()
  2.     Vertex v[] =
  3.     {
  4.         Vertex( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
  5.         Vertex( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
  6.         Vertex( -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ),
  7.     };

像素着色器依旧

  1. float4 PS() : SV_TARGET
  2. {
  3.     return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
  4. }

代码

main.cpp

  1. //Include and link appropriate libraries and headers//
  2. #pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
  3. #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
  4. #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")
  6. #include <windows.h>
  7. #include <d3d11.h>
  8. #include <d3dx11.h>
  9. #include <d3dx10.h>
  10. #include <xnamath.h>
  12. //Global Declarations - Interfaces//
  13. IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
  14. ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
  15. ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
  16. ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
  18. ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer;
  19. ID3D11VertexShader* VS;
  20. ID3D11PixelShader* PS;
  21. ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer;
  22. ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer;
  23. ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout;
  25. //Global Declarations - Others//
  26. LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow";
  27. HWND hwnd = NULL;
  28. HRESULT hr;
  30. const int Width  = 300;
  31. const int Height = 300;
  33. //Function Prototypes//
  34. bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
  35. void CleanUp();
  36. bool InitScene();
  37. void UpdateScene();
  38. void DrawScene();
  40. bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
  41.     int ShowWnd,
  42.     int width, int height,
  43.     bool windowed);
  44. int messageloop();
  46. LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,
  47.     UINT msg,
  48.     WPARAM wParam,
  49.     LPARAM lParam);
  51. ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
  52. //Vertex Structure and Vertex Layout (Input Layout)//
  53. struct Vertex    //Overloaded Vertex Structure
  54. {
  55.     Vertex(){}
  56.     Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
  57.         float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
  58.         : pos(x,y,z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca){}
  60.     XMFLOAT3 pos;
  61.     XMFLOAT4 color;
  62. };
  64. D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
  65. {
  66.     { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
  67.     { "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },  
  68. };
  69. UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);
  70. ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
  72. int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,    //Main windows function
  73.     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
  74.     LPSTR lpCmdLine,
  75.     int nShowCmd)
  76. {
  78.     if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true))
  79.     {
  80.         MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed",
  81.             L"Error", MB_OK);
  82.         return 0;
  83.     }
  85.     if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance))    //Initialize Direct3D
  86.     {
  87.         MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed",
  88.             L"Error", MB_OK);
  89.         return 0;
  90.     }
  92.     if(!InitScene())    //Initialize our scene
  93.     {
  94.         MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed",
  95.             L"Error", MB_OK);
  96.         return 0;
  97.     }
  99.     messageloop();
  101.     CleanUp();    
  103.     return 0;
  104. }
  106. bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
  107.     int ShowWnd,
  108.     int width, int height,
  109.     bool windowed)
  110. {
  111.     typedef struct _WNDCLASS {
  112.         UINT cbSize;
  113.         UINT style;
  114.         WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
  115.         int cbClsExtra;
  116.         int cbWndExtra;
  117.         HANDLE hInstance;
  118.         HICON hIcon;
  119.         HCURSOR hCursor;
  120.         HBRUSH hbrBackground;
  121.         LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
  122.         LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
  123.     } WNDCLASS;
  125.     WNDCLASSEX wc;
  127.     wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
  128.     wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
  129.     wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
  130.     wc.cbClsExtra = NULL;
  131.     wc.cbWndExtra = NULL;
  132.     wc.hInstance = hInstance;
  133.     wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
  134.     wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
  135.     wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2);
  136.     wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
  137.     wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName;
  138.     wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
  140.     if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
  141.     {
  142.         MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class",    
  143.             L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
  144.         return 1;
  145.     }
  147.     hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
  148.         NULL,
  149.         WndClassName,
  150.         L"Lesson 4 - Begin Drawing",
  151.         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
  152.         CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
  153.         width, height,
  154.         NULL,
  155.         NULL,
  156.         hInstance,
  157.         NULL
  158.         );
  160.     if (!hwnd)
  161.     {
  162.         MessageBox(NULL, L"Error creating window",
  163.             L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
  164.         return 1;
  165.     }
  167.     ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd);
  168.     UpdateWindow(hwnd);
  170.     return true;
  171. }
  173. bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
  174. {
  175.     //Describe our Buffer
  176.     DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
  178.     ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
  180.     bufferDesc.Width = Width;
  181.     bufferDesc.Height = Height;
  182.     bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
  183.     bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
  184.     bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
  185.     bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
  186.     bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
  188.     //Describe our SwapChain
  189.     DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; 
  191.     ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
  193.     swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
  194.     swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
  195.     swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
  196.     swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
  197.     swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
  198.     swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; 
  199.     swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; 
  200.     swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
  203.     //Create our SwapChain
  204.     hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
  205.         D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
  207.     //Create our BackBuffer
  208.     ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
  209.     hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
  211.     //Create our Render Target
  212.     hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
  213.     BackBuffer->Release();
  215.     //Set our Render Target
  216.     d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL );
  218.     return true;
  219. }
  221. void CleanUp()
  222. {
  223.     //Release the COM Objects we created
  224.     SwapChain->Release();
  225.     d3d11Device->Release();
  226.     d3d11DevCon->Release();
  227.     renderTargetView->Release();
  228.     triangleVertBuffer->Release();
  229.     VS->Release();
  230.     PS->Release();
  231.     VS_Buffer->Release();
  232.     PS_Buffer->Release();
  233.     vertLayout->Release();
  234. }
  236. bool InitScene()
  237. {
  238.     //Compile Shaders from shader file
  239.     hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
  240.     hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);
  242.     //Create the Shader Objects
  243.     hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
  244.     hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);
  246.     //Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders
  247.     d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
  248.     d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);
  250.     //Create the vertex buffer
  251.     Vertex v[] =
  252.     {
  253.         ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
  254.         Vertex( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
  255.         Vertex( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ),
  256.         Vertex( -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ),
  257.         ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
  258.     };
  260.     D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
  261.     ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc) );
  263.     vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
  264.     vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof( Vertex ) * 3;
  265.     vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
  266.     vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
  267.     vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
  269.     D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; 
  271.     ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData) );
  272.     vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
  273.     hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer( &vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer);
  275.     //Set the vertex buffer
  276.     UINT stride = sizeof( Vertex );
  277.     UINT offset = 0;
  278.     d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset );
  280.     //Create the Input Layout
  281.     hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), 
  282.         VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout );
  284.     //Set the Input Layout
  285.     d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout( vertLayout );
  287.     //Set Primitive Topology
  288.     d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST );
  290.     //Create the Viewport
  291.     D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
  292.     ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
  294.     viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
  295.     viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
  296.     viewport.Width = Width;
  297.     viewport.Height = Height;
  299.     //Set the Viewport
  300.     d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
  302.     return true;
  303. }
  305. void UpdateScene()
  306. {
  308. }
  310. void DrawScene()
  311. {
  312.     //Clear our backbuffer
  313.     float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)};
  314.     d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);
  316.     //Draw the triangle
  317.     d3d11DevCon->Draw( 3, 0 );
  319.     //Present the backbuffer to the screen
  320.     SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
  321. }
  323. int messageloop(){
  324.     MSG msg;
  325.     ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
  326.     while(true)
  327.     {
  328.         BOOL PeekMessageL( 
  329.             LPMSG lpMsg,
  330.             HWND hWnd,
  331.             UINT wMsgFilterMin,
  332.             UINT wMsgFilterMax,
  333.             UINT wRemoveMsg
  334.             );
  336.         if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
  337.         {
  338.             if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
  339.                 break;
  340.             TranslateMessage(&msg);    
  341.             DispatchMessage(&msg);
  342.         }
  343.         else{
  344.             // run game code            
  345.             UpdateScene();
  346.             DrawScene();
  347.         }
  348.     }
  349.     return msg.wParam;
  350. }
  352. LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,
  353.     UINT msg,
  354.     WPARAM wParam,
  355.     LPARAM lParam)
  356. {
  357.     switch( msg )
  358.     {
  359.     case WM_KEYDOWN:
  360.         if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ){
  361.             DestroyWindow(hwnd);
  362.         }
  363.         return 0;
  365.     case WM_DESTROY:
  366.         PostQuitMessage(0);
  367.         return 0;
  368.     }
  369.     return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
  370.         msg,
  371.         wParam,
  372.         lParam);
  373. }

Effects.fx

  1. struct VS_OUTPUT
  2. {
  3.     float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
  4.     float4 Color : COLOR;
  5. };
  7. VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
  8. {
  9.     VS_OUTPUT output;
  11.     output.Pos = inPos;
  12.     output.Color = inColor;
  14.     return output;
  15. }
  17. float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
  18. {
  19.     return input.Color;
  20. }
04.开始绘制5
06.顶点索引

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